Cro-Magnon 2

A Biblical Analysis

This blogsite is about helping people to look at information in a whole new way– an alternative way–to at least question whether the information we are being given is adequate anymore for living a successful life.

For example, a few months ago, we had a shortage of chicken in the grocery stores. It was a real problem for most people. Later, the governor of our home state of Virginia explained that several major processing plants had been closed due to COVID19. Fortunately, my wife and I buy our chickens from a local farm, so we never had a problem. We never bought meat from a farm before. But now, we find that’s it’s far better (for many reasons), and we’ve been starting to do the same with milk, eggs, and vegetables as well. And, we’ve been finding that we can make 4-5 quarts of home-made, high-grade soup from our left-over pasture-raised chicken and organic vegetables that is better than the bone-broth that we used to buy at Whole Foods for about $5/qt.

As another example, we got a strange notice from our water company last year, which indicated that the quality of our city’s drinking water was not as good as we had previously thought. At first, we thought of buying bottled water, but then we realized that we could double-filter the water from our refrigerator and get much better quality water for about 1/3 the price of buying it.

What’s that got to do with Cro-Magnon Man you may ask?

My question is, Why do you believe what they tell you anymore? Have you researched it for yourself?

Let me give you a couple of things to consider:

  1. Cro-Magnon Man was discovered in 1868, right?
  2. Radiocarbon dating was not developed until 1946.

How did they know how old Cro-Magnon Man was in the mean-time? What made them think he was older than 8,000 years (the time-frame that the Bible gives for the history of the human race)?

Cro-Magnon Man

A Biblical Analysis

A friend told me other day that they did not know whether they could believe the Bible, and they mentioned Cro-Magnon Man as evidence that the Bible could not be taken seriously. After all, isn’t Cro-Magnon Man a million years old?

I looked, for starters, at the old Encyclopedia Britannica my mother bought for us in 1973. This is what it says:

“CRO-MAGNON MAN, the name originally given to a small number of human skeletons of prehistoric age found in a rock shelter at Cro-Magnon near Les Eyzies in the Dordogne department of France.”

Encyclopedia Britannica 1973, volume 6, p. 795

The Encyclopedia went on to say, “The skeletons themselves were fragmentary, but three crania were fairly well preserved…” and “proved to be typical of a race widespread throughout Europe at this time, most common in France, but stretching north to Belgium and from Wales to eastern Europe.”

What did they mean, when they used the word, “race”?

The authors went on to say:

“In classification he (Cro-Magnon Man) falls into the ‘caucasoid‘ subspecies of modern man…(and) only had a few characteristics which would serve to distinguish them from some modern western and north Europeans.”

Encyclopedia Britannica 1973, p. 796

So–all that being said–how do we know how old these fragmentary skeletons actually are?

The Encylopedia says:

“Radiocarbon age determinations from certain sites in France suggest that the earliest known Cro-Magnon skeletal remains date from about 330,ooo years B.C…”

Encyclopedia Britannica 1973, p. 796

But one thing you should think about: Radiocarbon dating CANNOT be used to date remains that are thought to be 330,000 years old.

“Samples that are older than about 40,000 years are extremely difficult to date due to tiny levels of carbon-14. Over 60,000 years old, and they can’t be dated at all.”

National Geographic, JULY 12, 2019

The 2020 Presidential Election

“A house divided against itself cannot stand.”

Abraham Lincoln

It seems like something has been released upon America, and it reminds me of an old Star Trek episode.

The Bible (and an old song by Barry McGuire) says that there is a time for everything, including a time to keep silence, and a time to speak, as well as a time to hate, and a time of peace.

Regardless of one’s political views, it’s fair to say that it’s getting pretty ugly out there. And I think that one of the reasons this is happening is because people are confused.

For example, a lot of terms are thrown around by politicians and the media which we would do well to look at briefly:

Democrats = political party, started by Martin Van Buren, to support the candidacy of Andrew Jackson in 1828. In the 1850's, the part split over the issue of slavery, allowing Republican Abraham Lincoln to win the 1860 election. (History.com)
Republicans = political party, founded in 1854 to oppose the westward expansion of slavery in America. It's first presidential candidate was Abraham Lincoln. (History.com)

In his book, Are You Liberal? Conservative? or Confused?, Richard J. Maybury claims:

“Both (parties) tend to hover close to the center, which is where they perceive the bulk of the voters to be.”

Richard J. Maybury (“Uncle Eric”)

That was the way it was in the 1970’s (think Gerald Ford), but if you think back, American Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy could also be considered centrists or moderates.

Moderates (Centrists) = "One who is in the middle of the left-right spectrum...not to the extremes..." (Richard Maybury)

And even in the 1980’s, we had Conservatives and Liberals, like Ronald Reagan, “Teddy” Kennedy, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, Walter Mondale and Geraldine Ferraro. But it was still an era of compromise.

Modern Liberalism = "based, in general, on faith in progress and in the ability and goodness of man, and on the firm belief in the importance of the rights and welfare of the individual...Liberalism advocates steady change"  (Columbia Encyclopedia, 3rd Ed.)
Conservative = "the desire to maintain, or conserve, the existing order...Conservatives value highly the wisdom of the past and are generally opposed to widespread reform." (Columbia Encyclopedia, 3rd Ed.)

But nobody’s moderate now, and compromise has not happened in Washington D.C. since Newt Gingrich and Bill Clinton produced The Contract for America (“one of the most significant developments in the political history of the United States“) in 1994.

Today, everyone–to quote Richard Maybury–is “to the extremes.”

But what would our Founding Fathers think of the nation that we’ve become? (For an excellent understanding of their point of view, I recommend, What Would Thomas Jefferson Think About This? by Richard J. Maybury.)

The popular musical Hamilton does a pretty good job of trying to tell us about them (See our blog ). They were Classical Liberals.

Classic Liberalism = "One who believes that the country should have a small, weak government, and free markets, and that the individual is endowed by his Creator with inalienable rights to his life, liberty, and property. Also, one who believes in Natural Law and common law, or Higher Law (think Thomas Jefferson)." (Richard Maybury) 

But they were not radicals. Radicalism results in “widespread hysteria,” burning, and looting.

And it leads–in the end–to despotism, and the all-powerful State.

Statism = "The opposite of the original American philosophy (Classical Liberalism). Says political power is a good thing. Government is our friend, our protector, the solution to our problems, and there is no higher law than government's law." (Richard J Maybury)

There are many, many examples of this in history–in France, in Germany, in Russia, in China.

The Bible says:

“This is the spirit of the antichrist; you have heard that he is coming, and he is already in the world now.”

1 John 4:3

One of my pastors once said something very wise about this. He said that every generation has an antichrist waiting in the wings. I think that is true. Yet, it’s really up to us. The Bible says:

” You know what currently restrains him…”

2 Thessalonians 2:6

The American people have restrained him before, and we can do it again.

The 2020 Presidential Election

(From a Biblical, Philosophical and Historical point of view)

“The light shineth in the darkness…”

John 1:5

I find this New Testament teaching fascinating. Firstly, What is it referring to, when it calls one thing “Light” and something else “Darkness”? The implication is that everything is not the same; that things are different–and further, it seems to be implying that everything is NOT equal (despite what many people say), but that some things are preferable (e.g., Light) to other things (e.g., Darkness).

“Wait for It…” (“What are you waiting for?”)

Wait for It”

By now, most of us have seen the musical, “Hamilton.” (If not, I recommend you do!) The musical centers around the relationship between founding fathers Alexander Hamilton and “Aaron Burr, Sir.

The men, Hamilton and Burr, remind one of several famous several pairs of counterparts in the Bible, such as Abraham and Lot, Jacob and Esau, and even Moses and the Pharaoh of Egypt.

First, let’s look at Abraham and Lot–the differences between them. Abraham is often referred to as a man of faith, though he screwed up a number times.

  1. Genesis 12:1, God says to Abraham (then known as Abram), “Go…to the land that I will show you…”
  2. Genesis 12:4 tells us, “So Abram went…”
  3. Verse 7 “He built an altar to the Lord…”
  4. Verse 8, he built another altar.
  5. Genesis 13:8-9, there’s quarreling between Abram’s men, and his nephew, Lot’s.
  6. The two men choose to separate.
  7. Abram lets Lot choose west or east.
  8. Verse 10, Lot chooses the east–the “better” land (the Jordan Valley).
  9. Verse 12-13, that includes the city of Sodom.
  10. Genesis 13:14-17, God’s promise to Abraham (not including Lot):

“Lift up thy eyes, and look from the place wherein thou now art, to the north and to the south, to the east and to the west. All the land which thou seest, I will give to thee, and to thy seed for ever.”

Genesis 13:14-17
  1. Verse 18, Abram built another altar to the Lord.
  2. Genesis 15:6 “(Abram, now called Abraham) believed the Lord, and He credited it to him as righteousness. In other words, despite Abraham’s failures, God considered him to be a righteous man.
righteousness = "the quality or state of being just or rightful." (Dictionary.com)

We’ve all got to have something to believe in.

A song in the “Hamilton” musical says: Hamilton doesn’t hesitate.” Hamilton held strong beliefs, and acted on them. But the song points out that Burr was, instead, “lying in wait.” Burr was what the Bible calls “double-minded”

The Greek word originally used in the Bible to describe that is dipsos, which is G1373 in Stong’s Concordance: “wavering, uncertain, divided in interest, vacillating.”

Abraham’s nephew, Lot, was like that.

  1. Genesis 19: 7, Lot calls the wicked men of Sodom, “my brothers.”
  2. Verse 8, he offers his own daughters to the men of Sodom.
  3. Verse 9, the men of Sodom treat him like a hypocrite, saying, “he’s acting like a judge!”

In the Hebrew, the word that’s used is shaphat, H8199 (to act as law-giver).

  1. Verse 14, When Lot advises them to flee the city for safety, “his sons-in-law thought he was joking”
  2. Verse 18 When the angels tell Lot to flee to the mountains, Lot replies, “No, my lords—please…I can’t run to the mountains…I will die. Look, this town is close…Please let me go there…”
  3. Verses 30-36, It didn’t turn out well.

But 2 Peter 2:8 calls Lot:

“The just soul…”

Douay-Rheims Bible

Other translations call him:

“That righteous man”

King James Version

How can that be?

Is it possible that right-standing with God is based on our beliefs (despite our less-than-virtuous behavior)?

In Genesis 25:34, we find the statement, “Esau despised his birthright.”

despise = "feel contempt or a deep repugnance for." (Bing)

The Hebrew word the Bible uses is bazah, which is H959 in Stong’s Concordance: “to despise, hold in contempt, disdain.”

Even a cursory look at the book of Genesis shows that Jacob did not have sterling character, but there was a difference between he and Esau, just as we will see that there was between Hamilton and Burr.

To begin with, as we said before, Esau revealed his character, see Gen 25:31).

This seems reminiscent to Shakespeare’s:

“This above all- to thine own self be true…”

Hamlet, Act I, Scene 3

Peoples’ choices–often made when under pressure, quite often end up determining their destinies.

From this perspective, let’s look at Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr’s early lives.

  1. In 1775, early in the Revolutionary War, Burr participated in a failed expedition to Quebec. While the expedition was disastrous for the American army, it was fortuitous for Burr, who was appointed to General Montgomery’s staff, and became known as a hero, when the general died in his arms.
  2. Later, in 1776, Burr’s stepbrother Matthias Ogden helped him to secure a position on the staff of George Washington. He and General Washington apparently did not get along and he quit a few weeks later.
  3. In 1775, in the British invasion of New York Harbor, there was worry that they might seize cannons in Battery Park, and Hamilton is asked to join in a hazardous operation to drag cannons to safety away from the British. (Fort Hamilton in Brooklyn is today named after him.)
  4. In 1777, Washington asks Hamilton to join his staff.
  5. In 1780, Hamilton marries Eliza Schuyler.
  6. In 1782, Hamilton’s son Philip born.
  7. In 1782, Aaron Burr marries Mrs. Theodosia Bartow Prevost, the widow of a British officer.
  8. 1783, their daughter, also named Theodosia, was born.

Their love stories and the births of their children could have been an opportunity for both men to turn their hearts in God’s direction.

In the song, “Dear Theodosia,” Burr says, “When you cried, you broke my heart.” Hamilton says, “When you smile I am undoneI fall apart, and I thought I was so smart.

The Bible says:

“The Lord is near to the broken-hearted…”

Psalm 34:18

And:

“The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart…”

Psalm 51:17

This reminds one of David, the man who committed adultery with Bathsheba and had her husband Uriah killed.

But in the New Testament he is called:

“A man after mine own heart…”

Acts 13:22

So what did happen to Hamilton and Burr?

  1. In 1789, Hamilton becomes first Treasury Secretary.
  2. In 1791, Burr is elected U.S. Senator from New York, defeating Hamilton’s father-in-law; meets Thomas Jefferson while in the Senate, but the two have little to do with each other. Burr later loses his bid for re-election.
  3. 1791, Hamilton has a four-month affair with Maria Reynolds.
  4. In 1796, Chosen by his party to build a north-south coalition, Burr runs with Jefferson against Adams for President, but loses by 41 votes. Adams is elected.
  5. 1797, Washington retires. Not long after, Hamilton resigns.
  6. 1797, Hamilton, trying to hold onto his legacy, publishes the “Reynolds Pamphlet.”
  7. 1801, Hamilton’s son, Philip, dies in duel.

In the song, “It’s Quiet Uptown,” Alexander Hamilton says, ““I take the children to church on Sunday / A sign of the cross at the door / And I pray / That never used to happen before.” In Ron Chernow’s biography of Hamilton, which was the inspiration for the musical, he writes: “It is striking how religion preoccupied Hamilton during his final years.”

“Forgiveness, can you imagine?”♫

The grace of God was available to both Hamilton and Burr’s lives, just as it had been to both Jacob and Esau. Yet, their legacies are the result of their choices.

The New Testament, looking back on Esau’s life in hindsight, calls him:

“(An) ‘immoral (and) godless person…who sold his own birthright for a single meal…though he sought for (the blessing) with tears.”

Hebrews 12:16-17

Under pressure–when “push came to shove“–Esau revealed his true nature by his choices. And this was the case with Hamilton and Burr.

  1. In 1800, Aaron Burr had been elected Vice-President under Jefferson, but Jefferson said of him:

“[H]is conduct very soon inspired me with distrust…I habitually cautioned Mr. Madison against trusting him too much.”

Thomas Jefferson (Notes on a Conversation with Aaron Burr, January 26, 1804)
  1. In 1804, Burr runs for governor of New York, but loses by a large margin.
  2. Later in 1804, Burr kills Hamilton in duel.
  3. On his deathbed, Hamilton says:

“I have a tender reliance on the mercy of the Almighty, through the merits of the Lord Jesus Christ.” and “I am a sinner. I look to His mercy.”

Alexander Hamilton
  1. Afterward, Burr is charged with multiple crimes, including murder, in New York and New Jersey, but is never tried in either jurisdiction. He flees to South Carolina, where his daughter lives with her family, but soon returns to Philadelphia to complete his term as Vice President.
  2. In 1805, Burr attempts to form an independent republic in the Louisiana Territory, and is arrested for, and tried for, treason, but is later acquitted.
  3. 1808, Burr sails to England, hoping to gain support for a revolution in Mexico, but this fails, leaving him so penniless he can’t even travel home.
  4. 1808-1812, Burr became a good friend, even a confidant, of the English Utilitarian philosopher, Jeremy Bentham, even residing at Bentham’s home on occasion. (Utilitarianism was closely tied to his political aspirations [“A ruler’s interest will coincide with those of the governed only if he is politically accountable to the governed“] and promoted a new conception of morality which avoided references to God and religion)
  5. 1811, Burr eventually sails by French ship, but it is captured by the British and he us detained in England until May 1812, finally returning to New York.
  6. 1812, Burr’s grandson, Aaron Burr Alston, who grew up on a rice plantation in South Carolina, dies of malaria (a common problem in the rice plantations).
  7. 1813, Burr’s daughter, Theodosia Burr Alston, the wife of the newly elected governor of South Carolina, dies at sea.
  8. In 1833, at 77, Burr marries again, to a wealthy widow. When she realizes he is involved in land speculation, they separate after only four months.
  9. 1836, during the month of their first anniversary, she sues for divorce which was granted the day he dies.
  10. During his final hours, a clergyman inquired about his prospects for salvation. Evasive and cryptic to the end, Burr only replied:

“On that subject I am coy.”

Last words of Aaron Burr

Burr’s enigmatic legacy, once considered a patriot hero, but later a rogue and probably, a conspirator in a “treasonable scheme” to take up arms against the government and seize land in the frontier of the Louisiana Purchase.

Burr’s is a notorious case. But was he outside the reach of God’s grace? That is a not only a profound question, but also a very practical one, that has ramifications for all of us. One might say that it (God’s grace) “doesn’t discriminate between the sinners and the saints.

In fact, the Bible distinctly says that:

“The Lord does not delay His promise, as some understand delay, but is patient with you, not wanting any to perish but all to come to repentance.”

2 Peter 3:9

Does that mean that God’s promises are for everybody–that God’s “salvation” is universal?

No, but it is available to all who accept it, in spite of anything they may have done, in the same way that Hamilton seems to have done.

But is it possible to resist God’s grace?

Yes, we know that Esau must have rejected it (Hebrews 12:16-17).

Lot, though he seems to be a lot like Esau, did not. How do we know? (2 Peter 2:7).

Hamilton seems to have not.

“It is striking how religion preoccupied Hamilton during his final years.”

Ron Chernow

This apparent mystery is made clear in the story of Moses and Pharaoh, king of Egypt. Why? The Bible tells us that Pharaoh, like Esau, despised God.

despise = "feel contempt or a deep repugnance for." (Bing)

“Pharaoh said, ‘Who is the LORD, that I should obey his voice…?'”

Exodus 5:2

God was aware that Pharaoh held him in low esteem. But God did not react to Pharaoh in indignation.

indignation = "anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment."

Instead God gave Pharaoh ten opportunities to turn to humble himself before Him. But Pharaoh did not.

Have you ever seen the movie and TV show, Stargate SG-1? They really did an excellent job with their visualizations of the Goa’uld as the rulers of ancient Egypt.

These were wicked, evil, and arrogant people. And, like a lot of people in powerful positions, they were paranoid and petty.

Ye shall no more give the people straw to make brick, as heretofore: let them go and gather straw for themselves.

Exodus 5:7

Think of Henry VIII of England.

God brought ten plagues upon the land of Egypt. Why?

The Bible tells us:

“The Egyptians shall know that I am the LORD, when I stretch forth mine hand upon Egypt…”

Exodus 7:5

People will argue that God hardened Pharaoh’s heart. That’s true. But do you not know that God allows all of our hearts to be hardened, if we allow it? It’s true. Each “plague” that life throws in our path is an opportunity for us to harden our hearts, to raise a fist toward the heavens and curse God (Sovereign of the Universe). It may be a mystery, but it’s not a secret.

It’s simple. God wants us to want Him. Why? Is God insecure? No, God only wants authentic believers in His kingdom.

authentic = "not false or imitation" (Mirriam-Webster)

“Now for a little while…you have been grieved by various trials, that the genuineness of your faithmay be found to praise, honor, and glory at the revelation of Jesus Christ.”

1 Peter 1:6-7

“The Father seeketh such to worship Him.”

John 4:23

“I love those who love Me, and those who seek Me find Me.”

Proverbs 8:17

“You will seek me and find me when you seek me with all your heart.”

Jeremiah 29:13

“The God who made the world and everything in it is the Lord of heaven and earth and does not live in temples built by human hands. And he is not served by human hands, as if he needed anything. Rather, he himself gives everyone life and breath and everything else. From one man he made all the nations, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and he marked out their appointed times in history and the boundaries of their lands. God did this so that they would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from any one of us.”

Acts 17:24-27

That is why the Bible tells us at least three different times:

“Today, if you hear his voice, do not harden your heart…”

Psalm 95:6-11; Hebrews 3:7-19; Hebrews 4:1-8 (and see Deuteronomy 1:26-38)

Like Aaron Burr (who lost his wife, grandson, and precious daughter), Pharaoh lost his own son–his heir.

“And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead. And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the LORD…”

Exodus 12:30-31

And like Burr, Pharaoh–even at that point, even after all that suffering–turned away from all those opportunities to humble himself, to soften his heart, and to accept God’s grace.

“And it was told the king of Egypt that the people fled: and the heart of Pharaoh and of his servants was turned against the people, and they said, ‘Why have we done this, that we have let Israel go from serving us?’ …And he took six hundred chosen chariots, and all the chariots of Egypt, and captains over every one of them… And the Egyptians pursued, and went in after them to the midst of the sea, even all Pharaoh’s horses, his chariots, and his horsemen… And the waters returned, and covered the chariots, and the horsemen, and all the host of Pharaoh that came into the sea after them; there remained not so much as one of them…. But the children of Israel walked upon dry land in the midst of the sea; and the waters were a wall unto them on their right hand, and on their left.”

Exodus 14:5-29

Grace is always available to those who turn to God. And He, in His mercy redeems our life–our story.

redeem = "to buy back, repurchase;" "to free from captivity by payment of ransom;" "to extricate from or help to overcome something detrimental;" "to release from blame or debt, clear;" "to free from the consequences of sin." (Mirriam-Webster)

So what about you? What are you waiting for?

Will you accept God’s offer of reconciliation and redemption? Will you accept His grace?

Democracy is close to godliness, isn’t it?

The Ox-Bow Incident, 1943

In “The Ox-Bow Incident,” made in 1943, we get a very clear portrayal of democracy in action.

democracy = "comes from two Greek words that mean people (demos) and rule (kratos)." (National Geographic)
democracy = "government by the people, especially : rule of the majority." (Mirriam-Webster)

Genesis 12 begins the story of how God, in much the same way that He had previously chosen the individual man–Noah–to save the human race, selected a particular family of people–a tribe, if you will, to become his chosen people, to be His representatives to the rest of humanity.

We learn later, in the books of Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy, that God’s chosen form of government is actually theocracy.

theocracy = "The Jews were under the direct government of God himself. The nation was in all things subject to the will of their invisible King." (Easton's Bible Dictionary)

Is the implication, then, that God wants the whole human race to enter into that type of system of government?

Well, yes, as a matter of fact, except that Jesus (the “Son of God”) will temporarily reign until He turns rule of all things to His Father.

“And Jesus coming, spoke to them, saying: ‘All power is given to Me in heaven and in earth.'”

Matthew 28:18

“For He must reign, until he hath put all his enemies under his feet.”

1 Corinthians 15:25

However, until Christ returns to do that, God has left it to men to rule themselves.

Interestingly, when the American colonists set up their brand-new experiments in self-rule, they did not choose a democracy. The question to carefully consider is why not?

“The founders feared that passions could arouse the public, and national policy could become hostage to these passions. Therefore, they wanted men mediating between public opinion and national policy. They also expected these men to be of substance and property, with much to lose from error and also more difficult to corrupt.”

Huffington Post, 11/17/2016

“Democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security or the rights of property; and in general have been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths

James Madison, Federalist Papers No. 10

No discussion of governmental systems would be complete, I think, without a glance at King Nebuchadnezzar’s dream, interpreted by Daniel in Daniel 2.

The statue above indicates a series of “world” governments, beginning with the Neo-Babylonian Empire (represented here by the gold head) and including the Persian Empire (silver chest & arms), Macedonian Empire (brass abdomen), and Roman Empire–and all its reiterations (iron legs). The interesting thing about the statue, though, are its feet–a combination of the iron left over from the Roman Empire (think of it’s tyrannical strength) and clay.

What does that make you think of?

The Western Roman Empire fell in about the fifth century. Yet its legacy carried on, most immediately through Emperor Constantine and his cooperation with the Catholic Church, which became the most powerful organization in Europe. Out of that came association eventually came Charlemagne and the “Holy Roman Empire,” which lasted for about 1000 years. This empire was known as “the First Reich.” The “Second Reich” was the German empire that was ruled by Otto von Bismark, William I and II, that led to the First World War. You may remember that William II was known as “the Kaiser.”

kaiser = "Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor". Like the Russian Tsar it is directly derived from the Roman Emperors' title of Caesar..." (Definitions.net)

The “Third Reich” as you probably know, was “the official official Nazi designation for the regime in Germany from January 1933 to May 1945…

There are still ways that the legacy of the Roman Empire lives on in Europe, England and even in the United States of America.

The U.S. Capitol

But what about the “iron mixed with clay?”

The main difference today between the governmental systems of most of the statue in Nebuchadnezzar’s dream is that all of the empires mentioned above were ruled by a dictator, while most of the modern countries are considered democracies.

democracy = 'control of an organization or group by the majority of its members;the practice or principles of social equality." (Bing)

That seems to make sense to me, that people would want to rule themselves by democracy, rather than submit to a dictatorship.

dictatorship = "autocracy (a system of government by one person with absolute power), absolute authority in any sphere." (Bing)

Then, let me ask you a question: Why doesn’t the malleable clay REPLACE the iron in Nebuchadnezzar’s dream?

malleable = "easily influenced; pliable" (Bing)

“And whereas thou sawest the iron mixed with miry clay… but they shall not stick fast one to another, as iron cannot be mixed with clay.”

Daniel 2:43

Rather than replace the iron, the clay attempts to mix with it, but it is not possible. Eventually, under enough pressure the weaker, brittle clay will fall off. And only iron will remain.

In the book, How Should We Then Live?, Dr. Francis A. Schaeffer wrote (in 1976):

“Overwhelming pressures are being brought to bear on people who have no absolutes… The pressures are progressively preparing modern people to accept a manipulative, authoritarian government.. If these pressures do continue to mount, which seems probable, do you think people, young or old, will at great cost to themselves, at the cost of their present personal peace and affluence, stand up for liberty or for the individual? …When these outward forms are imposed on (their) wordview (which) would never have produced freedom without chaos in the first place, people will not stand when the pressures increase… As the memory of the Christian base grows ever dimmer, freedom will disintegrate…”

Dr. Francis A. Schaeffer, “How Should We Then Live,” 1976

Is that the future you want?

Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness

 “I will require the blood of your lives… at the hand of every man, and of his brother, will I require the life of man.

Genesis 9:5

This is a verse of the Bible that can probably be easily overlooked, but it really is quite foundational to the world you probably want to live in.

In other words, God was letting mankind know that He was going to hold individuals accountable for how they treated their fellow man. This was the beginning of a foundation for civil law.

Later, when Moses wrote what is known as the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Old Testament), he included what is known as the Mosaic Law. However, in the New Testament, Paul (the apostle) gave us a new understanding of each individual’s moral responsibility for his own actions:

“The law is not made for the just man, but for the unjust and disobedient, for the ungodly, and for sinners, for the wicked and defiled, for murderers of fathers, and murderers of mothers, for manslayers…”

1 Timothy 1:9

In the French Revolution that began in 1789, and the “Reign of Terror” that followed it, people died. The king, Louis XVI, died. His queen, Marie-Antoinette, died. In fact, 40, 000 people died before it was said and done, including the Rebellion’s architect, Maximilien Robespierre.

In that same year, 1789, the U.S. Constitution was ratified.

And (wisely) founding father John Adams wrote this about it:

“Our Constitution was made only for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other.”

in a speech to the military in 1798

The American government was not designed–and not really equipped–to control the behavior of people who habitually choose to do wrong things.

Years later, Abraham Lincoln (the President who issued the Emancipation Proclamation–freeing American slaves) would quote from the Bible–quoting Proverbs 25:11–when he wrote that the Constitution acted as a “picture of silver” framed around an “apple of gold” (the Declaration of Independence).

And many years after that, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. spoke these words:

“It wouldn’t take us long to discover the substance of (the American) dream. It is found in those majestic words of the Declaration of Independence, words lifted to cosmic proportions: ‘We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by God, Creator, with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.’ This is a dream. It’s a great dream….”

from A Knock at Midnight: Inspiration from the Great Sermons of Reverend Martin, Peter Holloran, et al. | Jan 1, 2000

Dr. King went on to say, “..That dream goes on to say another thing that ultimately distinguishes our nation and our form of government from any totalitarian system in the world. It says that each of us has certain basic rights that are neither derived from or conferred by the state. In order to discover where they came from, it is necessary to move back behind the dim mist of eternity. They are God-given, gifts from His hands. Never before in the history of the world has a sociopolitical document expressed in such profound, eloquent, and unequivocal language the dignity and the worth of human personality. The American dream reminds us, and we should think about it anew on this Independence Day, that every man is an heir of the legacy of dignity and worth…”

Then he said:

“Now ever since the founding fathers of our nation dreamed this dream in all of its magnificence…America has been something of a schizophrenic personality, tragically divided against herself. On the one hand we have proudly professed the great principles of democracy, but on the other hand we have sadly practiced the very opposite of those principles.

Dr. Martin Luther King, on “The American Dream”

And on July 4, 1965, when he spoke those words in Atlanta, Dr. King was 100 percent right.

Why? Why was the “dream” of America out of reach for so many black-skinned people?

“You see, the founding fathers were really influenced by the Bible. The whole concept of the imago dei, as it is expressed in Latin, the ‘image of God,’ is the idea that all men have something within them that God injected. Not that they have substantial unity with God, but that every man has a capacity to have fellowship with God. And this gives him a uniqueness, it gives him worth, it gives him dignity. And we must never forget this as a nation: there are no gradations in the image of God. Every man from a treble white to a bass black is significant on God’s keyboard, precisely because every man is made in the image of God. One day we will learn that. We will know one day that God made us to live together as brothers and to respect the dignity and worth of every man.”

Dr. King, “The American Dream (continued)

It sounds like Dr. King’s “dream,” was filled with hope for the future.

The story of human relations through time is an interesting one.

And it starts in an unusual place.

“Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the earth.”

Genesis 9:1

Seemingly–for a while–they did just that.

In Genesis, chapters 9-10, we see a description of a culture wherein people had small family property holdings, and when children were born, grew to adulthood, married, and had children of their own, they would spread out (scatter), build their own homes, and raise their own families. Each household would have enough land to support themselves. There were no “rich” people or “poor” people. There were no “lords” or “serfs.” There were no “masters” or slaves.”

Yet in Genesis 11, we read:

“And when they removed from the east, they found a plain in the land of Sennaar, and dwelt in it. And each one said to his neighbour… ‘Come, let us make a city and a tower, the top whereof may reach to heaven: and let us make our name famous before we be scattered abroad into all lands.'”

Genesis 11:2-4

Let’s unpack that:

  1. God told them to fill the earth (scatter).
  2. They conspired to build a city (and a tower) instead.
  3. Their motive was to reach to heaven (to bring God down to their level?) and to make a name for themselves.
Making a Name for Yourself

What’s your understanding of “the American Dream?” Is it all about making a name for yourself?

Or is it about something else?

What’s this imago dei thing that Dr. King was talking about?

One article interestingly claims:

“(Following the Civil War) many black leaders argued against special privileges and requested for blacks only ‘the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness’ specified in the Declaration of Independence.”

The Mackinac Center for Public Policy

Frederick Douglass was a former slave himself, and he rejected special treatment of former slaves.

“Everybody has asked the question, … ‘What shall we do with the Negro?’ I have had but one answer from the beginning. Do nothing with us! Your doing with us has already played the mischief with us. Do nothing with us!”

Frederick Douglass, “What the Black Man Wants,” 1863

Listen carefully to an excerpt from a book about Frederick Douglass:

“It was (‘an elderly, partially literate, and intensively devout black man, whom Douglass would later refer to as Uncle Lawson) who imparted to the impressionable young Frederick a strong sense of self-esteem, convincing the youth that he had an important mission to fulfill.”

David B. Chesebrough, Frederick Douglass: Oratory from Slavery, 1998

Do you have a strong sense of self-esteem?

Are you convinced that you have an important mission to fulfill?

Back in Genesis 9-10, everyone had a purpose. Each family had to own a cow or a goat (milk for the children, and perhaps cheese), and chickens (for eggs and meat). Children often fed, cleaned up after them, milked them, and collected eggs from them. Each family had a small farm, and a small orchard. Each family had a garden. Often, children tended it. Mothers made clothes for their children. Fathers tanned hides. Children picked fruit. Mothers made jam, baked pies, fermented vegetables, milled wheat, baked bread, made elderberry syrup for dealing with illnesses. Fathers hunted, fished, made repairs, built homes and constructed needed tools and equipment. Parents taught children to read, write, and do arithmetic. Children submitted to parents. Families helped each other when necessary.

But a fellow named Nimrod came along:

“Now (Cush) begot N(i)mrod: he began to be mighty on the earth. And he was a stout hunter before the Lord. Hence came a proverb: Even as N(i)mrod the stout hunter before the Lord. And the beginning of his kingdom was Babylon, and Arach, and Achad, and Chalanne in the land of Sennaar.’A stout hunter’: Not of beasts but of men: whom by violence and tyranny he brought under his dominion. And such he was, not only in the opinion of men, but before the Lord, that is, in his sight who cannot be deceived.”

Genesis 10:8-10

In context of the world that had heretofore existed, Nimrod should be considered a sociopath. He tore down the culture, the society, of the world of Noah and his sons, and he restructured a new society, one which included “haves” and “have-nots,” “suzerains” and “vassals”, those who “dominate” their fellows and the unfortunate fellows that they dominate.

This new re-structured, re-imagined world is one of specialization, mechanization, and centralization. This is an urban world, filled with soot, smoke and sweat-shops.

This was not God’s plan. It was built by Nimrod–for his own benefit. This dude was strictly in in for himself.

“The mainstays of his empire were Babel (Babylon), Erech and Accad, all of them in the land of Shinar. From this country came Asshur (Assyria), and he built Nineveh, Rehoboth-Ir, Calah,and Resen between Nineveh and Calah (this being the capital).”

Genesis 10:10-12 (New Jerusalem Bible)

Be careful that someone is not using you as a pawn on the chessboard of their agenda–that someone is not using you.

A while back, Bob Dylan sang:

The Bible says:

“You know well that if you undertake to be somebody’s slave and obey him, you are the slave of him you obey…”

Romans 6:16

Don’t you think that it’s time to stop and re-evaluate some things?

While the ark was being prepared

Noah’s Ark

The earth was filled with violence in Noah’s day, but the Bible tells us that “God’s patience waited” (1 Peter 3:20).

Why did God wait? What was He waiting for?

“The Lord is not slow to fulfill his promise as some count slowness, but is patient toward you, not wishing that any should perish, but that all should reach repentance.

2 Peter 3:9

Why was the ark being prepared?

Noah’s Ark

God, contrary to what you might have heard, is kind.

It has always been God’s desire to give people a means of escape, if they would simply take advantage of it.

“The Lord saw that the wickedness of man (like all that we have been horrified to see played out in the news in 2020) was great in the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart (like tyranny, resistance to civil and public health authorities, selfishness, disobedience, lying, deceiving, conspiring, greed, racism, murder, scheming, rioting, looting, and anarchy) was only evil continually.  And the Lord was sorry that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart.”

Genesis 6:5-6

One site, called The Hope Project, says: “The phrase, ‘And the Lord was sorry that He had made man on the earth,’ could be understood in a number of ways…So what is this verse saying to us? …To say that God was sorry and that He grieved in His heart shows us that God has emotions… In the original text the phrase, ‘He was grieved in His heart,’ literally reads, ‘He was grieved to His heart.’  In other words, God looked on the evil in the world and was grieved ‘all the way to His heart.’  One version of the Bible (the NIV) translates this verse, ‘His heart was filled with pain.’ …If God is infinite, then how far is it to the depth of His heart? How big is His heart? How much grief would it take to fill God’s heart? …God knew He was going to hurt this deeply as a result of creating man, and He did it anyway. And not only that, He did it exactly the way He intended to do it. But why would God do such a thing?”

The Bible tells us that:

“God is love…”

1 John 4:8

A.W. Tozer writes:

“The love of God is one of the great realities of the universe, a pillar upon which the hope of the world rests. But it is a personal, intimate thing, too. God does not love populations, He loves people. He loves not masses, but men. He loves us all with a mighty love that has no beginning and can have no end.”

A.W. Tozer, Knowledge of the Holy

The Bible tells us the following:

  • Noah was told to build the ark three hundred cubits (450 feet) long, fifty cubits (75 feet) wide, and thirty cubits (45 feet) high.
cubit = "about 18 inches" (Bing)

In his book, God’s Plan: What Every Christian Should Know, Dan Malczewski writes:

“This is a gigantic boat! Only some of the modern luxury liners have dimensions greater than this.”

Dan Malczewski, God’s Plan: What Every Christian Should Know

The Bible also refers to Noah as a:

“preacher of righteousness…”

2 Peter 2:5

To whom did he preach? His friends, his neighbors, the families of his daughters-in-law. How did it go? Did many people listen to Noah?

The Bible doesn’t say.

However, we have an account of a similar event, when Lot warned his in-laws to leave the city of Sodom with him:

“So Lot went out and spoke to his sons-in-law, who had married his daughters, and said, ‘Get up, get out of this place; for the LORD will destroy this city!’ But to his sons-in-law he seemed to be joking.”

Genesis 19:14

And we know that only Noah, his wife, his sons, and their wives were saved.

“A few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water.”

1 Peter 3:20

One website, “Answers in Genesis,” says:

“When the door to the Ark was shut, there was room for many more people.”

Paul F. Taylor, “Noah the Evangelist,” March 29, 2007

So why didn’t more people get on the ark?

I recently saw an interesting movie version of the story of Noah’s ark that was made in 2014. What I found unique in this film was that Noah’s own sons originally thought Noah was being foolish by building the ark..

The Bible says:

“God has chosen the foolish things of the world to put to shame the wise, and God has chosen the weak things of the world to put to shame the things which are mighty; and the base things of the world and the things which are despised God has chosen, and the things which are not, to bring to nothing the things that are.”

1 Corinthians 1:27-28

Today people are claiming that Jesus may be coming back soon, to “Rapture” the church.

What does the Bible say?

“For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of an archangel, and with the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are alive and remain shall be together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air

1 Thessalonians 4:16-17

“Let no one deceive you by any means; for (the Day of the Lord) will not come unless the falling away comes first, and the man of sin is revealed, the son of perdition, who opposes and exalts himself above all that is called God or that is worshiped, so that he sits as God in the temple of God, showing himself that he is God. Do you not remember that when I was still with you I told you these things? And now you know what is restraining, that he may be revealed in his own time. For the mystery of lawlessness is already at work; only He who now restrains will do so until He is taken out of the way.”

2 Thessalonians 2:3-7

What do you think about these things? Do you think of it all as just foolishness?

What if you’re wrong?

What if you’re wrong?

“Am I my brother’s keeper?”

When the Bible says (in the book of Nahum):

“The Lord is slow to anger but great in power; He will never leave the guilty unpunished.”

Nahum 1: 3

A lot of people laugh.

Those people look around, and see riots, and fires, and hapless government leaders without solutions. They certainly do not see the guilty –if they actually believe there actually are any–punished.

The Bible (in Genesis 4) tells us that Cain killed his brother, Abel. Why did he do it?

The answer is there, in Genesis 4.

“Sin is crouching at the door…”

Genesis 4:7

What does that mean?

If you believe the Genesis account is moral fiction, just mythology, as Jordan Peterson does, then sin–as a concept–becomes a nothing more than a metaphor for chaos (contrasting with order).

But the Bible (in the book of Ecclesiastes) says:

“The hearts of the children of man are full of evil, and madness is in their hearts…”

Ecclesiastes 9:3

So, sin is the normative human condition.

This is confirmed in the book of Jeremiah:

“The heart is deceitful above all things, and desperately sick…”

Jeremiah 17:9

Racism is sin. Murder is sin. Rioting and looting are sin. Hating your brother is sin.

How do we fix the human heart?,

The book of Hebrews in the Bible was originally written to Jewish Christians, who knew the Old Testament book of Jeremiah, and it quotes from the 31st chapter of that book:

“Behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will make a new covenant… not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant that they broke… For this is the covenant that I will make… I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they shall be My people…”

Jeremiah 31:31-33

In other words, God will, through His Spirit–living within individual Christians–empower them to overcome sin, a feat that is otherwise impossible to humanity.

The book of Romans says:

“None is righteous, no, not one… no one does good, not even one… By works of the law no human being will be justified in his sight…”

Romans 3:10-20

So, the rioters in the streets are wasting their time. The people in Minneapolis who are disbanding their police force, they’ve got it all wrong.

Then what’s the answer?

1941 movie, “Sergeant York

“On the way down the mountain trail, in the middle of a storm, Alvin (York) meets his God, in the form a lightening bolt, which melts his gun, and throws him from his mule. From that moment on, Alvin becomes a transformed man of faith, apologizing…for his former behavior… Under the leadership of the Pastor Rosier Pile (Walter Brennan) Alvin starts living his life according to Biblical teachings, growing his faith in God and His word.”

Howard Hawks’ “Sergeant York,” 1941

Alvin York, medal-of-honor winner from World War I, is a real life example of a man who learned to be a contributing member of society by becoming a Christian.

Another example is Desmond Doss, a medal of honor recipient from World War II.

Desmond Doss, hero of 2016’s “Hacksaw Ridge,” receiving medal-of-honor

According to People Magazine:

“Doss’s faith and courage were forged growing up in Lynchburg, Virginia… He was particularly intrigued by a illustration of the Sixth Commandment, showing Cain murdering his brother Abel.”

The True Story of Hacksaw Ridge and Desmond Doss: the Medal of Honor Winner Who Never Fired a Shot

The article goes on to say:

“Private Desmond Doss walked into the bloodiest battle of World War II’s Pacific theater with nothing to protect himself save for his Bible and his faith in God…”

The True Story of Hacksaw Ridge and Desmond Doss…

And heroics still happen in Lynchburg, VA:

Christians respond to racial strife in Lynchburg, June 1, 2020

So what’s going on in Lynchburg, VA?

In an effort to understand, we found a book about Jerry Falwell, Sr., the founder of both Thomas Road Baptist Church and Liberty University (both in Lynchburg), whose son, Jerry Falwell, Jr., is currently being trashed on social media and being widely accused of racism. The book, titled, Jerry Falwell: His Life and Legacy, was written by Jerry Sr.’s wife, Macel Falwell, in 2008.

In the first chapter, she wrote:

“When angry protestors at Harvard University asked Jerry (Senior) if he was a racist, he replied, ‘I once was.'”

Jerry Falwell: His Life and Legacy

What did he mean?

Later in the book she elaborates:

“Jerry would realize that the Lord had been dealing with him about racism for years… Finally, Jerry realized that right was right and wrong was wrong, and he had to take a stand for what was right… He thought of the children in that Dominican Republic orphanage (where he had once done some missionary work), and the Christians he’d worked alongside in Jamaica, Haiti, and Puerto Rico… This day, he realized, had been coming for a long time…”

Jerry Falwell: His Life and Legacy

And this is how seemingly beleaguered Jerry Falwell, Jr remembers his father:

“The day before he died, Dad dropped by my office and said, ‘Go with me up to the (LU) monogram on Liberty Mountain.’ I was swamped with work and couldn’t afford the time… Then I saw the look on his face. It was rare to see him so disappointed. ‘You know (Jerry Jr said), on second thought, I would love to go.’ We sat up on top of the mountain and talked to Liberty University students. It was one of Dad’s last gifts to me, and I will always cherish the memory.”

Jerry Falwell: His Life and Legacy

Hebrews 10:16 says:

“I will put my laws on their hearts, and write them on their minds…”

Hebrews 10:16

Mrs. Falwell, in the book, was careful to point out the rough-and-tumble life that Jerry Falwell had known before God got ahold of him–just like Alvin York. She included all the tasty tidbits that so many people have used to try to destroy what has happened here in Lynchburg. But through it all, making a difference in the world–and doing what he thought God wanted him to do, is what this man was all about (in spite of his faults, in spite of his critics).

The Bible says:

 “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”

Romans 4:3

And John Wesley (founder of Methodism, and largely credited with transforming nineteenth-century England to such an extant that it was spared from the revolutions that were occurring all over Europe at that time) said:

“Give me one hundred men who fear nothing but sin and desire nothing but God, and I care not whether they be clergyman or laymen, they alone will shake the gates of Hell and set up the kingdom of Heaven upon the earth.” 

from a letter in the Works of John Wesley

Wesley is often quoted as saying:

“Do all the good you can, by all the means you can,
In all the ways you can, in all the places you can,
At all the times you can, to all the people you can,
As long as ever you can.”

Attributed to John Wesley

Those words certainly apply to Jerry Falwell’s life as well. And just as Abraham’s, and Wesley’s legacy lived on for many generations, the same will be said about Falwell’s.

This modern worship song could be said to express Falwell’s story well:

Revival’s in the Air

Are versions really an issue?

Recently, someone I love very much mentioned that one of the reasons he doesn’t believe the Bible is because there are so many versions–which one is right? Today, we’re going to look at that.

In our last blog, we postulated that the Bible, as “True truth,” should be able to stand up against all scrutiny, historically, prophetically, doctrinally, ethically, and morally. And we are going to look at that, but first, we took a look at the agreement of the versions with each other

So, we took it as a hypothesis, and tested it (see below).* What did we find?

hypothesis = "a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation" (Bing)

Hypothesis confirmed! The versions and randomly-picked verses were substantially equivalent.

So then, we are ready to move on to the propositions themselves.

In Acts 17:24-27, we see a historical proposition that is unique to the Bible. It is basically making a truth claim that God, not only created the earth, but strategically planned that various cultures and civilizations would exist where and when they did (including their living conditions, economies and the natural resources that would be at their disposal). That’s quite a claim. Yet, if you believe that Jesus is God, if you accept His claims about Himself, then these other claims are not a leap from logic.

truth claim "a hypothesis not yet verified by experience." (Dictionary.com)

In 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17, we have a prophecy, which is a kind of a truth claim about the future, and this one is predicting an event called the “catching away,” or rapture. This, too, is not far-fetched if Jesus is indeed the all-powerful Son of God He claimed to be.

rapture = "When Christ returns, all of the elect who have died will be raised and transformed into a glorious state, along with the living elect, and then be caught up to be with Christ." (Catholic.com)

In 2 Timothy 3:16, we have a proposition that the Bible is not only useful, but trustworthy. Why? Because it is far from a collection of writings by smart, holy men. It claims to have been given, that is inspired of or “breathed” (from the Greek word, theópneustos) by God Himself.

In Romans 13:8-9, we see what probably is viewed axiomatically by most people, at least in Western Civilization, “He that loveth his neighbour, hath fulfilled the law.” In fact, the Broadway musical Les Miserables, based on the novel by Frenchman Victor Hugo, includes in one of its songs, the famous line:

“To love another person, is to see the face of God”

Jean Valjean

Another Scripture verse is Ephesians 5:11, “And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them.”

This moral proposition might be considered by many, including C.S. Lewis, as part of the Tao.

Tao = "traditional morality, moral law, the knowledge of right and wrong, virtue or the Way. We will call it the Natural Law." (Religion-online.org)

*See Bible Hypothesis Test details below:

Bible Hypothesis Test

English Versions HistoryProphecyDoctrine Ethics Morals
Acts 17:24-271 Thessalonians
4:16-17**
2 Timothy 3:16Romans 13:8-9Ephesians 5:11
Douay-Rheims
(Catholic) Bible, 1609[1] **referred to as 1 Thess. 4:15-16 in this translation
“God, who made the world, and all things therein… hath made of one, all mankind, to dwell upon the whole face of the earth, determining appointed times, and the limits of their habitation. That they should seek God, if happily they may feel after him or find him, although he be not far from every one of us…”“For the Lord himself shall come down from heaven with commandment, and with the voice of an archangel, and with the trumpet of God: and the dead who are in Christ, shall rise first. Then we who are alive, who are left, shall be taken up together with them in the clouds to meet Christ, into the air, and so shall we be always with the Lord.”“All scripture, inspired of God, is profitable to teach, to reprove, to correct, to instruct in justice…”“He that loveth his neighbour, hath fulfilled the law. For Thou shalt not commit adultery: Thou shalt not kill: Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness: Thou shalt not covet: and if there be any other commandment, it is comprised in this word, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.““And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove them.”
King James Bible, 1611“God that made the world and all things therein… hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation; That they should seek the Lord, if haply they might feel after him, and find him, though he be not far from every one of us…”“For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord.”“All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteous-ness…”“He that loveth another hath fulfilled the law. For this, Thou shalt not commit adultery, Thou shalt not kill, Thou shalt not steal, Thou shalt not bear false witness, Thou shalt not covet; and if there be any other commandment, it is briefly comprehended in this saying, namely, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.”“And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather expose them.”
The Amplified Bible, 1965[2]“The God Who produced and formed the world and all the things in it…made from one [common origin, one source, one blood] all nations of men to settle on the face of the earth, having definitely determined [their] allotted periods of time and the fixed boundaries of their habitation (their settlements, lands, and abodes), So that they should seek God, in the hope that they might feel after Him, although He is not far from each one of us…”“The God Who produced and formed the world and all the things in it…made from one [common origin, one source, one blood] all nations of men to settle on the face of the earth, having definitely determined [their] allotted periods of time and the fixed boundaries of their habitation (their settlements, lands, and abodes), So that they should seek God, in the hope that they might feel after Him, although He is not far from each one of us…”“Every Scripture is God-breathed (given by His inspiration) and profitable for instruction, for reproof and conviction of sin, for correction of error and discipline in obedience, [and] for training in righteous-ness (in holy living, in conformity to God’s will in thought, purpose, and action)…”“He who loves his neighbor [who practices loving others] has fulfilled the Law [relating to one’s fellowmen, meeting all its requirements]. The command-ments, You shall not commit adultery, You shall not kill, You shall not steal, You shall not covet (have an evil desire), and any other commandment, are summed up in the single command, You shall love your neighbor as [you do] yourself.”“Take no part in and have no fellowship with the fruitless deeds and enterprises of darkness, but instead [let your lives be so in contrast as to [expose and reprove and convict them…]”
New King James
Version, 1982[3]
“God, who made the world and everything in it…has made from one blood every nation of men to dwell on all the face of the earth, and has determined their preappointed times and the boundaries of their dwellings, so that they should seek the Lorde, in the hope that they might grope for Him and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us…”“For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of an archangel, and with the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And thus we shall always be with the Lord.”“All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteous-ness…”“He who loves another has fulfilled the law. For the command-ments ‘You shall not commit adultery, You shall not murder, You shall not steal, You shall not bear false witness, You shall not covet,’ and if there is any other commandment, all are summed up in this saying, namely, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”“And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather expose them.”
New International
Version, 1984[4]
“The God who made the world and everything in it… From one man he made every nation of men, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and he determined the times set for them and the exact places where they should live. God did this so that men would seek him and perhaps reach out for him and find him, though he is not far from each one of us.” “For the Lord Himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. Aft that, we who are still alive and are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will be with the Lord forever.” “All Scripture is God-breathed and useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteous-ness…”“He who loves his fellowman has fulfilled the law. The commandments, “Do not commit adultery,” “Do not murder.” “Do not steal,” “Do not covet,” and whatever commandment there may be, are all summed up in this one rule: “Love your neighbor as yourself…”“Have nothing to do ith the fruitless deed of darkness, but rather expose them.”
New Jerusalem
(Catholic) Bible, 1985
“The God who made the world and everything in it… From one single principle he not only created the whole human race so that they could occupy the entire earth, but he decreed the times and limits of their habitation. And he did this so that they might seek the deity and, by feeling their way towards him, succeed in finding him; and indeed he is not far from any of us…”“At the signal given by the voice of the Archangel and the trumpet of God, the Lord himself will come down from heaven; those who have died in Christ will be the first to rise, and only after that shall we who remain alive be taken up in the clouds, together with them, to meet the Lord in the air. This is the way we shall be with the Lord for ever.”“All scripture is inspired by God and useful for refuting error, for guiding people’s lives and teaching them to be upright.”“To love the other person is to fulfil the law. All these: You shall not commit adultery, You shall not kill, You shall not steal, You shall not covet, and all the other commandments that there are, are summed up in this single phrase: You must love your neighbour as yourself.”“Take no part in the futile works of darkness but, on the contrary, show them up for what they are.”
Holman Christian
Standard Bible, 1999[5]
“The God who made the world and everything in it… From one man He has made every nationality to live over the whole earth and has determined their appointed times and the boundaries of where they live. He did this so that they might seek God, and perhaps they might reach out and find Him, though He is not far from each one of us.”“For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a shout, with the archangel’s voice, and with the trumpet of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are still alive will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we will always be with the Lord.”“All Scripture is inspired by God and is profitable for teaching, for rebuking, for correcting, for training in righteous-ness…”“The one who loves another has fulfilled the law. The commandments: Do not commit adultery; Do not murder; Do not steal; Do not covet; And whatever other command-ment—all are summed up by this: Love your neighbor as yourself.” “Don’t participate in the fruitless works of darkness, but instead expose them.”
English Standard
Version, 2001[6]
“The God who made the world and everything in it… made from one man every nation of mankind to live on all the face of the earth, having determined allotted periods and the boundaries of their dwelling place, that they should seek God, in the hope that they might feel their way toward him. Yet he is actually not far from each one of us…”“For the Lord Himself will descend from heaven with a cry of command, with the voice of an archangel, and with the sound of the trumpet of God. And the dead in Christ will rise first. Then we who are alive, who are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air, and so we will always be with the Lord.”“All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteous-ness…”“The one who loves another has fulfilled the law. For the command-ments, ‘You shall not commit adultery, You shall not murder, You shall not steal, You shall not covet,‘ and any other commandment, are summed up in this word: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’”“Take no part in the unfruitful works of darkness, but instead expose them.”
[1] Clementine edition, 1790

[2] Expanded Edition, 1987

[3] Thompson Chain –Reference NKJV Bible, 1997

[4] Hebrew-Greek Keyword Study Bible (NIV), 1996

[5] HCSB Study Bible 2010

[6] Study Bible, 2008